ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to evaluate the replacement of synthetic choline chloride by herbal choline in diets on liver function enzymes, carcass traits and economics of broiler production. Three hundred straight-run Cobb-400 day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed into five treatment groups having three replicates having 20 chicks in each and reared up to 6 weeks. The treatment group T1 (control) offered basal diet (BIS, 2007), T2 offered basal diet with choline chloride-60% @ 1 kg/ton of feed, groups T3, T4 and T5 offered basal diets with herbal choline @ 0.25, 0.35 and 0.50 kg/ton of feed, respectively. The SGPT, SGOT and ALP were significantly (P<0.01) reduced in treatment group T5 as compared to control group. There was non-significant difference for blood loss, feather loss, edible carcass yield and abdominal fat percent in all treatment groups. The net profit expressed in terms of rupees per kg live weight in treatment groups was increased by 18.35% (T2), 14.37% (T3), 21.05% (T4), and 38.55% (T5) over the control group (T1). It may be concluded that the herbal choline supplemented at dose levels of 0.35 kg/ton and 0.5 kg/ton of feed was found to be useful to improve the overall performance due to better growth resulting into increase in profit margin of broiler production replacing synthetic choline chloride (1kg/ton) in broiler diets. Moreover, the supplementation of herbal choline at 0.5 kg/ton of feed was more beneficial in terms of improved liver protection, carcass traits and economics of broiler production
ABSTRACT
Background: The olfactory system has several interesting anatomical and physiological features althougholfaction has remained a ‘neglected sense’. Olfactory functioning is a valid indicator of the ageing brain sopresent study was designed to investigate the age of appearance of corpora amylaecia in the olfactory bulb andtract and compare with well known cases of Alzheimer’s disease.Aims of the study: To detect deposition of corpora amylaecia in the human olfactory bulb and tract in differentage groups and Alzheimer’s disease.Materials and Methods: 22 brain specimens were collected from cadavers from Anatomy department of MGMMedical College, Navi Mumbai and from National Institute of Mental Health and Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore.The study was carried out in 20 undemented specimen, divided into four groups (5 samples in each) according toage: group I (20-39yrs), group II(40-59yrs),group III (60-79yrs),group IV(80 yrs and above) and 2 specimen ofAlzheimer’s disease as a control group. Histological evaluation was done with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain,Luxol fast blue stain and Immunohistological stain, Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody to studycorpora amylaecia. Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi Square test.Results: In group II, 20%, in Group III and Group IV 80% samples have showed presence of corpora amylaecia. Incontrols 100% samples had corpora amylaecia. This difference between five groups was statistically significant.In group II, corpora amylaecia was small in size, circular, deeply basophilic and scattered. In group III, IV and V,corpora amylaecia was large in size, more in number and condensed.Conclusion: The present study concluded that corpora amylaecia appear as early as fifth decade of life. Corporaamylaecia are age and neurodegeneration related phenomena and their number and size increase with age.Deposition of the corpora amylaecia in the olfactory bulb and tract may be responsible for olfactory dysfunctionin advanced age and neurodegenerative disorders